Math Notes Basics

NUMBERS
Natural Numbers: Used for counting purposes
Eg: 1, 2, 3, 4, ......100……etc.
Whole Numbers: Natural numbers including 0
Eg: 1, 2, 3, 4, ……100……etc.
Intergers: positive and negative natural numbers including 0
Eg: ……-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3……
Rational Numbers: numbers in the form of    (q ≠ 0) where p and q can be positive or negative
Eg: , , , ……, their exact values can be written down
Irrational Numbers: Numbers which are represented as  and π which are unable to be expressed as rational numbers, their exact values cannot be written down
Terminating Decimals: Decimal numbers which stop after a certain number of decimal places.

Eg:   is also expressed as 0.875, is a terminal decimal as it terminates after 3 decimal places

The order of operations follows the BODMAS rule:
           Brackets
Power Of
           Divide
           Multiply
           Add
           Subtract
Real Numbers: made up of all possible rational and irrational numbers
Integer: whole number
Prime Number: a number that is only divisible by itself and 1. 1 is not a prime number as it has 2 factors – the number 1 and itself
Square Number: a number multiplying by itself
Eg: 12, 22, 32, 42…… (1, 4, 9, 16)
Cube Numbers: a number multiplying by itself 3 times
Eg: 13, 23, 33, 43…… (1,8,27, 64)
Factors: factors of a number are those that divides exactly into two.
Eg. Factors of 36 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18
Multiples: number in its times table
Eg. Multiples of 6 are 6, 12, 18, 24, 30……

Conversion Factors:
Weight
1km = 1000cm
1m = 100cm
1cm = 10mm

Mass
1kg = 1000gm
1gm = 1000mgm
1 tonne = 1000kg

Volume: 
1 litre = 1000cm3
1 m3 = 1000 litre
1 kilo litre = 1000 litre
1 dozen = 12

Time
1 hour = 60 mins = 3600 seconds
1 minute = 60 seconds
1 day = 24 hours
1 year = 12 months = 52 weeks = 365 days
1 week = 7 days
1 leap year = 366 days
1 light year = 9.46x1012 km 
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